Television Engineering: Audio and Video Systems

Preface

1. Introduction

1.1 History

1.2 TV Broadcasting History

1.3 Modern Trends in TV

2. Fundamentals of Television System

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basics of Sound and Picture

2.3 Color Television Signal Transmission

2.4 Camera Tubes

2.5 Characteristics of Human Eye

2.6 Resolution

2.7 Brightness

2.8 Persistence of Vision

2.9 Flicker

2.10 Aspect Ratio

2.11 Vertical Resolution

2.12 Kell Factor

2.13 Horizontal Resolution

2.14 Scanning

2.15 Vertical Trace and Retrace

3. Composite Video Signal

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Composite Video Signal

3.3 Horizontal Blanking Pulse

3.4 Vertical Blanking Pulse

3.5 Summary of Composite Video Signal

3.6 Composite Video Signal Characteristics

4. Television Signal Bandwidth and Transmission

4.1 Introduction

4.2 TV Signal Transmission and Modulation

4.3 Vestigial Sideband Transmission

4.4 Amplitude Correction

4.5 TV Channel Bandwidth

4.6 TV Broadcast Bands and Channels

5. Television Standards

5.1 Introduction

5.2 CCIR Standard

5.3 National Television Standards Committee

5.4 Phase Alternate Lines

5.5 SECAM (Sequence Couleur à Mémoire)

5.6 SECAM on PAL

5.7 Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)

5.8 Comparison between NTSC, PAL and SECAM Systems

6. Monochrome Television Receiver

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Block Diagram of Monochrome Receiver

6.3 Monochrome TV Receiver Controls

6.4 Use of ICs in a TV Receiver

7. Television Cameras

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Principle Working of TV Camera

7.3 Characteristics of Camera Tubes

7.4 Image Orthicon

7.5 Vidicon

7.6 Plumbicon Camera Tube

7.7 Silicon Diode Array Vidicon/Silicon Vidicon

7.8 Saticon Camera Tube

7.9 Newvicon Camera Tube

7.10 Chalnicon Camera Tube

7.11 Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Cameras

7.12 Comparison of Camera Tubes

7.13 Generation and Video Processing of Camera Pick-Up Signals

8. Picture Tubes

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Basics for Generation of Electron Beam in a CRT

8.3 Monochrome Picture Tube

8.4 Color Picture Tubes

9. Essentials of Color Television

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Basic Block Diagram of Color TV

9.3 Transmission of Color TV Signals

9.4 Color Fundamentals

9.5 Color TV Signals

9.6 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

9.7 Frequency Interleaving

10. Color Television Receivers and Systems

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Color TV Receiver Block Diagram

10.3 NTSC System

10.4 SECAM System

10.5 PAL System

11. Television Antenna and Propagation

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Half-Wave Dipole

11.3 Resonant Antenna

11.4 Basics of Antenna

11.5 Folded Dipole Antenna

11.6 Parasitic Elements

11.7 Transmitting Antenna

11.8 Receiving Antenna

11.9 Antenna Feeders

11.10 Antenna Impedance Matching

11.11 Balanced-to-Unbalanced (Balun) Transformer

11.12 TV Propagation

11.13 Reception Problems and Their Solution

12. Studio Equipment and Testing Equipment

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Studio Equipment

12.3 Telecine

12.4 Testing Equipment

12.5 Pattern Generator

12.6 Testing of the TV Receiver

13. Sound Recording and Reproduction

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Characteristics of Sound

13.3 Block Diagram of Disc Recording System

13.4 Principle of Disc Recording

13.5 Production of Disc Records

13.6 Types of Grooves

13.7 Disc Reproduction System

13.8 Playback Needles

13.9 Pick-Up Cartridge

13.10 Equalization in Recording/Playback System

13.11 Magnet Recording and Reproduction

13.12 Block Diagram of Tape Recording and Playback System

13.13 Recorded Wavelength, Gap Width, and Tape Speed

13.14 Cassette Tape and Tape Material

13.15 Dolby A and B Systems

13.16 Optical Recording of Sound

13.17 DVD Player

13.18 Advanced Audio Systems

13.19 Summary of Optical Generations

14. Fundamentals of Acoustics

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Acoustics

14.3 Reverberation

14.4 Acoustical Design Parameters

14.5 Audio Amplifiers

14.6 Voltage Amplifier Circuit

14.7 Power Amplifier Circuit

14.8 Negative Feedback in an Amplifier

14.9 Controls in Audio Amplifiers

14.10 Graphic Equalizer

14.11 Hi-Fi System

14.12 Difference between Stereophony and Monophony

14.13 Ideal and Practical Stereophonic System

14.14 Quadraphonic Sound System

14.15 Hi-Fi Playback System

14.16 Stereo Controls

14.17 PA System

14.18 Microphones

14.19 Loudspeaker

15. Digital TV and Display Devices

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Advantages of Digital Transmission

15.3 Digital TV Broadcasting System

15.4 Transmission of Digital Signal

15.5 MAC Signal and D2-MAC/Packet Signal

15.6 MAC Encoding and Decoding

15.7 Advantages of MAC Signal

15.8 Advanced MAC Signal Transmission: D2-MAC Signal

15.9 Digital Video and Audio Compression

15.10 Flat Display Devices

16. Digital TV Standards

16.1 Introduction

16.2 International System for Digital Television (ISDTV)

16.3 DTT Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB)

17. HDTV and Advanced TV Systems

17.1 Introduction

17.2 HDTV Standards and Systems

17.3 HDTV Transmitter

17.4 HDTV Receiver

17.5 HDTV Standards of Wide-Dimension HDTV

17.6 MUSE (Multiple Sub-Nyquist Encoding) System

17.7 IP Audio and Video

17.8 IPTV Systems

17.9 Mobile TV

17.10 Wi-Fi Audio/Video Transmitters and Receivers

17.11 Video Projectors

17.12 HD Video Projectors

17.13 Video Intercom Systems/Video Door Phones

17.14 Cable Television

17.15 VCR

17.16 Direct to Home (DTH)

Annexure 1. Channel Allocation of Television Broadcasting in India

A1.1 Allocation of TV Channels to Indian Station(Courtesy: Doordarshan)

  A1.2 Different Digital TV Delivery Platforms in India(Courtesy: Doordarshan)

A1.3 Spectrum for Digital TV Broadcasting (Courtesy: Doordarshan)

A1.4 Transmission of Several Programs from One Transponder / Transmitter

A1.5 Doordarshan’s DVB-H Transmission (Courtesy: Doordarshan)

Annexure 2. Alignment and Servicing of TV Receiver

A2.1 Alignment of TV Receiver

A2.2 Alignment of Black and White TV Receiver

A2.3 Alignment of a Color TV Receiver

Annexure 3. Composite Video Signal and Color TV receiver

A3.1 Practical Waveforms for Composite Video Signal

A3.2 Color TV Circuit

Index