Power Plant Engineering, As per AICTE: Theory and Practice
ISBN: 9788126579754
584 pages
eBook also available for institutional users
Description
Power Plant Engineering: Theory and Practice presents a comprehensive coverage mainly on thermal power plant engineering along with basic ideas on nuclear power generation systems, diesel engine and gas turbine power plant, and hydroelectric power plant, respectively. The topic, as prescribed in the syllabi of almost all engineering colleges and Indian universities either as a core subject or as an elective subject, is written in simple and lucid manner for undergraduate and postgraduate Mechanical and Electrical Engineering students, and for practicing engineers in power stations.
Chapter 1 Thermodynamic Vapour Power Cycles
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Carnot Vapour Power Cycle
1.3 Rankine Cycle
1.4 Steam Rate and Heat Rate
1.5 Comparisons between Rankine and Carnot Cycles
1.6 Mean Temperature of Heat Addition
1.7 Irreversibility in Rankine Cycle
1.8 Binary Vapour Cycle
1.9 Cogeneration
1.10 Different Efficiency Terms used in a Steam Power Plant
Chapter 2 Practical Power Plant Cycle
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Reheating Cycle
2.3 Regeneration (Internal Heating)
2.4 Regenerative Feed Water Heating
2.5 Types of Feed Water Heater
2.6 Practical High-Pressure Heater and Low-Pressure Heater
2.7 Deaerator
2.8 Combined Reheating and Regeneration Cycle
2.9 HP–LP Bypass System
2.10 Possible Methodologies for Improving the Steam Turbine Cycle Performance
2.11 Combined Cycle Plants
Chapter 3 Fuel and Combustion
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Coal
3.3 Spontaneous Combustion
3.4 Fuel Oil
3.5 Natural Gas as Fuel
3.6 Emulsions as Fuel
3.7 Industrial Waste as Fuel
3.8 Coal Gasification
3.9 Combustion Reactions and Air–Fuel Ratio
3.10 Combustion Equation
3.11 Heating Value of Fuel
3.12 Thermodynamic View of a Steam Generator
3.13 Mass Balance across a Steam Generator
3.14 Energy Balance across a Steam Generator
3.15 Heat of Combustion
3.16 Theoretical Flame Temperature
Chapter 4 Steam Generator, Feed Cycle, Air and Flue Gas Path
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types of Boiling
4.3 Classification of Boiler
4.3.1 Fire Tube Boiler
4.3.2 Water Tube Boiler
4.4 Difference between Fire Tube and Water Tube Boiler
4.5 Circulation
4.6 Once Through Boiler
4.7 Boiler Mountings and Accessories
4.8 Feed Water Flow Path
4.9 Flue Gas Path
4.10 Fuel Flow Path
4.11 Coal Mills
4.12 Pulverised Fuel-Fired Boilers
4.13 Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System
4.14 Causes of Boiler Tripping
4.15 Ash Collection
4.16 Ash Handling System
4.17 Fluidised Bed Combustion
4.18 Different Fans in Boiler House
4.19 Water/Steam/Air/Flue Gas Path
4.20 Supercritical Boiler
4.21 Abnormal Operating Conditions of Boiler
Chapter 5 Boiler Performance and Draught Systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Equivalent Evaporation and Boiler Efficiency
5.3 Heat Balance in a Boiler
5.4 Efficiencies of Relevant Components of Boiler
5.5 Thermal Process Losses in a Power Plant
5.6 Draught/Draft
5.7 Natural Draught
5.8 Determination of Height, Diameter of Chimney and Condition for Maximum Discharge
5.9 Artificial Draught (by Fan)
5.10 Control of Fan Output
5.11 Efficiency of a Chimney
5.12 Calculation of Power Required to Drive ID/FD Fan
5.13 Abnormal Operating Conditions of Draught
Chapter 6 Steam Nozzles
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Theory of Steam Nozzles
6.3 Steady Flow Energy Equation
6.4 Mass Flow and Heat Drop through Nozzle
6.5 Expansion of Steam through Nozzle with Friction, Nozzle Efficiency
6.6 Expansion of Steam through Nozzle
6.7 Critical Pressure Ratio and its Physical Explanation
6.8 Subsonic and Supersonic Velocity
6.9 Velocity of Pressure Pulse in a Fluid
6.10 Supersaturated or Metastable Flow and Wilson Line
6.11 Nozzles Operating in the Off Design Pressure Ratio
Chapter 7 Steam Turbine
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Steam Turbines
7.3 Impulse Turbine
7.4 Velocity Diagram for an Impulse Turbine
7.5 Condition for Maximum Efficiency of an Impulse Turbine
7.6 Compounding of Impulse Turbine (Multistaging)
7.7 Velocity Diagram of a Velocity-Compounded Turbine
7.8 Reaction Turbine
7.9 Height of Blades for Reaction Turbine
7.10 Reheat Factor
7.11 Comparison between Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine
7.12 Governing of Steam Turbine
7.13 Losses in the Steam Turbine
7.14 Main Components of Steam Turbines
7.15 Barring Gear or Turning Gear
7.16 Jacking Oil Pump
7.17 Metallurgical Aspects of Turbine
7.18 Factors of Turbine Performance and Sizing
7.19 Limitations of the Higher Efficiency of Turbine
7.20 Critical Speed
7.21 Causes of Turbine Trip
7.22 General Description of a 210 MW (LMW) Steam Turbine
7.23 Abnormal-Operating Conditions of Turbine
Chapter 8 Condenser, Circulating Water Systems and Water Treatment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Condenser
8.3 Cooling Tower
8.4 Auxiliary Cooling Water System
8.5 Water Treatment in Pretreatment Plant
8.6 Feedwater Treatment
8.7 Sodium Slippage
8.8 Abnormal Operating Conditions
Chapter 9 Turbogenerator
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Generator Cooling Systems
9.3 Generator Sealing System
9.4 Causes of Generator Tripping
9.5 Abnormal Operating Conditions of Generator
Chapter 10 Mechanical Control System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Drum Level Control System
10.3 Superheater Steam Temperature Control System
10.4 HP–LP Bypass Control System
10.5 Hotwell Level Control System
10.6 Deaerator Level Control System
10.7 Heater Drip Level Control System
10.8 Draught Control System
10.9 Combustion Control System
10.10 Furnace Safeguard Supervisory System
Chapter 11 Basic Nuclear Power Generation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nuclear Physics
11.3 Types of Nuclear Reaction
11.4 Fission Chain Reaction
11.5 Types of Nuclear Materials
11.6 Difference between Nuclear Fission and Fusion
11.7 Nuclear Reactor
11.8 Classification of Reactors
11.9 Types of Nuclear Reactor
11.10 Difference between Boiling Water Reactor and Pressurized Water Reactor
11.11 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plant
Chapter 12 Basic Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Main Features of Gas Turbine Plant
Chapter 13 Basic Hydro-Electric (Hydel)
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Selection of Site for Hydroelectric Power Plant
13.3 Evaporation, Precipitation and Runoff
13.4 Hydrograph and Flow Duration Curve
13.5 Mass Curve
13.6 Essential Parts of a Hydroelectrical Power Plant
13.7 Classification of Hydroelectric Power Plant
13.8 Comparison between Base Load and Peak Load Power Plant
13.9 Types of Turbine
13.10 Pelton Wheel
13.11 Francis Turbine
13.12 Propeller and Kaplan Turbine
13.13 Deriaz Turbines
13.14 Comparisons of Pelton Wheel, Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine
13.15 Governing of Steam Turbine
13.16 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Power Plant
13.17 Generators Used in Hydroelectric Power Plant
Chapter 14 Nonconventional Energy Systems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Wind Energy
14.3 Tidal Energy
14.4 Solar Thermal Energy
14.5 Solar Photo Voltaic Energy
14.6 Geothermal Energy
14.7 Biogas Energy
14.8 Fuel Cell Energy Systems
14.9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonconventional Energy Systems
Chapter 15 Power Plant and Its Economics
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Different Terms
15.3 Load Curve
15.4 Load Duration Curve
15.5 Location of Power Plants
15.6 Power Plant Economics
15.7 Different Methods to Calculate Depreciation Cost
15.8 Effect of Load Factor on Cost/Kwh
15.9 Performance and Operating Characteristics of Power Plant
Summary
Multiple-Choice Questions
Review Questions
Exercises
Answers
Index