Fluid Power, As per AICTE: Generation, Transmission and Control
ISBN: 9788126509478
616 pages
For more information write to us at: acadmktg@wiley.com
Description
Fluid Power – Generation, Transmission and Control provides an integrated treatment of hydraulic systems for courses in undergraduate and postgraduate level. The stress is on interdisciplinary nature of subject, and examples have been drawn from various engineering disciplines to illustrate the basic concepts. A strong emphasis has been laid on theory and mathematical treatment of practical systems. Accompanied by more than 500 drawings, the book offers fundamental dynamics and control studies under various conditions. Emphasis has also been given on open-ended, design-oriented problems. Design equations along with solved examples and practice problems have also been included in the book to serve the needs of practicing engineers and students in graduate and undergraduate courses.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Nomenclature
1 Introduction to Fluid Power
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fluid Power and Its Scope
1.3 Classification of Fluid Power Systems
1.4 Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Systems
1.5 History of Fluid Power
1.6 Advantages of a Fluid Power System
1.7 Disadvantages of a Fluid Power System
1.8 Basic Components of a Hydraulic System
1.9 Basic Components of a Pneumatic System
1.10 Comparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
1.11 Comparison of Different Power Systems
1.12 Future of Fluid Power Industry in India
2 Properties of Fluid
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Solids and Fluids
2.3 Density, Specific Weight, Specific Volume and Specific Gravity
2.4 Pressure
2.5 Compressible and Incompressible Fluids
2.6 Bulk Modulus (Volume Modulus of Elasticity)
2.7 Reynolds Number
2.8 Types of Fluid Flow
2.9 Ideal Fluid
2.10 Viscosity
2.11 Viscosity Index
3 Fluids for Hydraulic Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Functions of Hydraulic Fluids
3.3 Additives in Hydraulic Fluids
3.4 Types of Hydraulic Fluids
3.5 Factors Influencing the Selection of a Fluid
4 Governing Principles and Laws
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Brief Review of Mechanics
4.3 Pascal’s Law
4.4 Conservation of Energy
4.5 The Continuity Equation
4.6 Bernoulli’s Equation from Newton’s Law
4.7 Bernoulli’s Equation from Energy Consideration
4.8 The Energy Equation
4.9 Elements of Hydraulic Systems and the Corresponding Bernoulli’s Equation
4.10 Torricelli’s Theorem
4.11 Siphon
5 Distribution of Fluid Power
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Choice of Distribution
5.3 Conductor Sizing
5.4 Burst Pressure and Working Pressure
5.5 Steel Pipes
5.6 Screwed Connections
5.7 Steel Tubing
5.8 Compression Joints
5.9 Plastic Conductors
5.10 Flexible Hoses
5.11 Rotary Couplings
5.12 Quick Disconnect Couplings
6 Energy Losses in Hydraulic Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows
6.3 Reynolds Number
6.4 Darcy–Weisbach Equation
6.5 Frictional Losses in Laminar Flow
6.6 Frictional Losses in Turbulent Flow
6.7 Frictional Losses in Valves and Fittings
6.8 Equivalent Length Technique
7 Hydraulic Pumps
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Pumps
7.3 Pumping Theory
7.4 Gear Pumps
7.5 Lobe Pumps
7.6 Screw Pumps
7.7 Vane Pumps
7.8 Piston Pumps
7.9 Comparison of Hydraulic Pumps
7.10 Pump Performance
7.11 Pump Performance Curve
7.12 Pump Noise
7.13 Pump Cavitation
7.14 Pump Selection
8 Hydraulic Actuators
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Types of Hydraulic Cylinders
8.3 Standard Metric Cylinders
8.4 Cylinder Force, Velocity and Power
8.5 Acceleration and Deceleration of Cylinder Loads
8.6 Various Methods of Applying Linear Motion Using Hydraulic Cylinders
8.7 First-, Second- and Third-Class Lever Systems
8.8 Cylinder Cushions
8.9 Cylinder Mountings and Strength Calculations
8.10 Design of Cylinder Barrel
9 Hydraulic Motors
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Applications
9.3 Comparison between a Hydraulic Motor and an Electric Motor
9.4 Classification of Hydraulic Motors
9.5 Gear Motors
9.6 Vane Motors
9.7 Piston Motors
9.8 Semi-Rotary Actuators
9.9 Chain and Sprocket Semi-Rotary Actuator
9.10 Rack and Pinion Rotary Actuator
9.11 Hydraulic Motor: Theoretical Torque, Power and Flow Rate
9.12 Performance of Hydraulic Motors
9.13 Performance Curves for a Variable Displacement Motor
10 Hydrostatic Transmission
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Advantages of a Hydrostatic Transmission
10.3 Components o f a Hydrostatic Transmission System
10.4 Analysis of a Hydrostatic System
10.4.1 Pump Characteristics
10.4.2 Motor Characteristics
10.4.3 Variable-Capacity Pump/Fixed-Capacity Motor Unit
10.4.4 Fixed-Capacity Pump/Variable-Capacity Motor Unit
10.4.5 Variable-Capacity Pump/Variable-Capacity Motor Unit
11 Directional Control Valves
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Directional Control Valves
11.2.1 Classification of DCVs Based on Fluid Path
11.2.2 Classification of DCVs Based on Design Characteristics
11.2.3 Classification of DCVs Based on the Control Method
11.2.4 Classification of DCVs Based on the Construction of Internal Moving Parts
11.3 Actuating Devices
11.4 Check Valve
11.5 Pilot-Operated Check Valve
11.6 Shuttle Valve
11.7 Two-Way Direction Control Valves
11.8 Three-Way Direction Control Valves
11.9 Four-Way Direction Control Valves
11.10 Solenoid-Actuated Valve
11.11 Pilot-Operated Direction Control Valves
11.12 Piston Overlap
11.13 Miscellaneous Industrial Circuits
11.14 Direction Control Valve Mounting
11.15 DCV Specifications
11.16 Material for DCVs
12 Pressure-Control Valves
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Pressure-Relief Valves
12.3 Pressure-Reducing Valve
12.4 Unloading Valves
12.5 Counterbalance Valve
12.6 Source of Pilot Pressure in Counterbalance Valves
12.7 Pressure Sequence Valve
12.8 Cartridge Valves
13 Flow-Control Valves
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Speed-Controlling Circuits
14 Hydraulic Circuit Design and Analysis
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Control of a Single-Acting Hydraulic Cylinder
14.3 Control of a Double-Acting Hydraulic Cylinder
14.4 Regenerative Cylinder Circuit
14.5 Pump-Unloading Circuit
14.6 Double-Pump Hydraulic System
14.7 Counterbalance Valve Application
14.8 Hydraulic Cylinder Sequencing Circuits
14.9 Automatic Cylinder Reciprocating System
14.10 Locked Cylinder Using Pilot Check Valves
14.11 Cylinder Synchronizing Circuits
14.12 Speed Control of a Hydraulic Cylinder
14.13 Fail-Safe Circuits
14.14 Circuit for Fast Approach and Slow Die Closing
14.15 Rapid Traverse and Feed, Alternate Circuit
15 Flow and Force Analysis of Valves
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Four-Way Spool Valves
15.3 Three-Way Spool Valves
15.4 Flapper Nozzle Valve
15.5 Special-Purpose Valves
15.6 Pressure-Compensated Flow-Control Valve
16 Dynamic Analysis of Fluid Systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 First-Order Systems
16.3 First-Order Fluid System
16.4 First-Order Electrical System
16.5 First-Order Fluid Hydraulic Servomechanism
16.6 Graphical Representations
16.7 Harmonic Response Locus
16.8 Logarithmic Plots
17 Proportional Control Valves
17.1 Introduction
17.2 History of Proportional Control Valves
17.3 Proportional Solenoids
17.4 Design Considerations of Proportional Control Valves
17.5 Response Speed and Dynamic Characteristics
17.6 Some Applications of Proportional Control Valves
17.7 Analysis of Proportional Valves
18 Servo Valves
18.1 Introduction
18.2 History of Electro Hydraulic Servomechanisms
18.3 Electrohydraulic Servomechanism Concepts
18.4 Servo Valves
19 Accumulators
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Accumulator Selection
19.3 Applications of Accumulators
20 Accessories Used in Fluid Power Systems
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Functions of Seals
20.3 Durometer Hardness Tester
20.4 Reservoirs
20.5 Fluid Conditioners
20.6 Filters and Strainers
20.7 Heat Exchangers
21 Maintenance of Fluid Power Systems
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The Importance of Cleanliness
21.3 Importance of Oil and Filter Changes
21.4 Problems Caused by Gases in Hydraulic Fluids
21.5 Troubleshooting Guides
21.6 General Safety Rules for Electricity and Electronics
21.7 Maintaining and Disposing of Fluids
Summary
Objective-Type Questions
Fill in the Blanks
State True or False
Review Questions
Answers
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Glossary
Frequently Asked Questions
Index